What Could Happen if My Pet Eats Candy?

There are many different types of candy available for people. These products are designed to be reasonably safe and nontoxic for humans.

Our pets generally have a very limited diet of a prepared commercial food. Many pets have very sensitive digestive systems and even small amounts of different foods can cause significant problems. Additionally, many human foods have ingredients that while safe for people can cause serious problems for pets.

One of the most common problems seen with pets eating human candy is gastrointestinal upset. This usually manifests as vomiting and diarrhea. For some pets, this becomes severe enough to require hospitalization and aggressive care. For some sensitive pets, especially dogs, fatty foods can instigate a life threatening pancreatitis.

Some common types of candy contain ingredients that are directly toxic to pets. For example: Chocolate, xylitol and raisins.

Chocolate contains a chemical similar to caffeine called theobromine. Dogs lack the enzyme required to break this compound down. The result is that a relatively small amount of chocolate can be toxic. Theobromine is a stimulant like caffeine. Signs are usually seen within 1 to 4 hours after ingestion. Symptoms can include: vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, diuresis, muscle tremors, arrhythmias, hyperthermia, seizures, coma and death. There is no specific antidote. Treatment is aimed at removing the compound from the body and supportive care as needed. Only one half ounce of unsweetened chocolate is toxic to a 5 pound dog.

Xylitol is a sweetener found in many sugar-free chewing gums, candies, baked goods and toothpastes. In the dog, xylitol causes massive insulin release leading to severely low blood sugar. The compound also causes liver failure in dogs. Xylitol toxicity is a relatively recent observation and not a lot is yet known. Three to four pieces of some gum products can contain 1 gram of xylitol, enough to be toxic to a 22-pound dog.

Raisins are found in many cookies and candies. As previously discussed in an Ask An Expert, even small amounts of raisins or grapes can cause kidney failure in dogs.

Our canine and feline friends do not need the extra calories in these treats. The obesity rate in dogs and cats is very similar to the rates in people. There are a lot of empty calories in candies and treats.

Large amounts of human treats are around during the holidays. Keep these treats away from your pet and avoid giving your pet any treats designed for people. Love your pet, but not to death. Happy Halloween!

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